# DALICC dependency graph dg_eu, version 2. # Built from the graph dg_default, version 2, and the difference file # licensedata/dependencygraph/differences/dg_eu.ttl of the DALICC repository. # The file is complete: it holds every statement a check under this graph reads. @prefix rdf: . @prefix rdfs: . @prefix dct: . @prefix xsd: . @prefix odrl: . @prefix cc: . @prefix dalicc: . @prefix owl: . @prefix bpicounty: . dct:title "European Union default rules"@en ; dct:description """The DALICC deontic dependency graph with default rules for what a licence does not say, under the law of the European Union and, for moral rights, which EU law does not harmonise, under the national law of Austria, Germany and France: the core of moral rights that cannot be waived in those three countries, the sui generis database right, the mining exceptions of the Digital Single Market Directive, decompilation for interoperability and exhaustion after a first sale. The graph is complete: it holds the axioms and the adopted rule of the core graph beside its own rules, and it is built from the core graph and a difference file. Each rule names its legal basis and says in plain words what it does. The rules are proposals until the association's legal reviewer adopts them. Nothing in this graph is legal advice."""@en ; dct:coverage dalicc:EU ; dct:date "2026-09-24"^^xsd:date ; dalicc:basedOnGraph ; dalicc:basedOnVersion "2" . cc:Attribution odrl:implies cc:Notice . cc:Attribution odrl:includedIn odrl:use . cc:Attribution owl:sameAs odrl:attribute . cc:CommercialUse owl:sameAs odrl:commercialize . cc:DerivativeWorks odrl:includedIn odrl:distribute . cc:Notice odrl:includedIn odrl:use . cc:Notice owl:sameAs odrl:AttachPolicy . cc:ShareAlike odrl:implies cc:SourceCode . cc:ShareAlike odrl:includedIn odrl:use . cc:ShareAlike owl:sameAs odrl:shareAlike . cc:SourceCode odrl:includedIn odrl:use . cc:SourceCode owl:sameAs odrl:attachSource . dalicc:chargeLicenseFee odrl:implies odrl:commercialize . dalicc:chargeLicenseFee odrl:implies odrl:sell . dalicc:chargeLicenseFee odrl:includedIn odrl:transfer . dalicc:modificationNotice odrl:includedIn odrl:AttachPolicy . dalicc:ModifiedWorks odrl:includedIn odrl:distribute . dalicc:sellCopy odrl:includedIn odrl:sell . dalicc:sublicense owl:sameAs odrl:grantUse . odrl:AttachPolicy owl:sameAs cc:Notice . odrl:attachSource owl:sameAs cc:SourceCode . odrl:attribute owl:sameAs cc:Attribution . odrl:commercialize owl:sameAs cc:CommercialUse . odrl:copy odrl:includedIn odrl:use . odrl:copy owl:sameAs odrl:reproduce . odrl:derive odrl:implies cc:DerivativeWorks . odrl:derive odrl:includedIn odrl:use . odrl:display odrl:includedIn odrl:present . odrl:display odrl:includedIn odrl:use . odrl:distribute odrl:includedIn odrl:use . odrl:ensureExclusivity dalicc:contradicts odrl:commercialize . odrl:ensureExclusivity odrl:includedIn odrl:use . odrl:execute odrl:includedIn odrl:use . odrl:extract odrl:implies cc:SourceCode . odrl:extract odrl:includedIn odrl:reproduce . odrl:extract odrl:includedIn odrl:use . odrl:grantUse owl:sameAs dalicc:sublicense . odrl:modify odrl:implies cc:SourceCode . odrl:modify odrl:includedIn odrl:use . odrl:present odrl:includedIn odrl:use . odrl:print odrl:includedIn odrl:present . odrl:print odrl:includedIn odrl:use . odrl:reproduce owl:sameAs odrl:copy . odrl:sell odrl:includedIn odrl:commercialize . odrl:sell odrl:includedIn odrl:transfer . odrl:shareAlike owl:sameAs cc:ShareAlike . # The default rules of this graph. a dalicc:DefaultRule ; rdfs:label "Endorsement is not granted by default"@en ; dalicc:appliesTo dalicc:promote ; dalicc:defaultOutcome dalicc:NotGrantedByDefault ; dalicc:inJurisdiction dalicc:worldwide ; dalicc:ruleBasis "Trademark and name rights are separate from copyright: Regulation (EU) 2017/1001 article 9 lets the proprietor of an EU trade mark prevent all third parties not having his consent from using the sign in the course of trade, and Directive (EU) 2015/2436 article 10, 15 U.S.C. 1114 and 1125(a), section 12 BGB and section 43 ABGB protect marks and names in the same way. The library's evidence is Creative Commons 4.0 section 2(b)(2): Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License. A copyright licence that is silent grants no right to use the licensor's name or marks to suggest endorsement" ; dalicc:ruleExplanation "A licence that says nothing about endorsement is read as not allowing it: the licence gives the licensee no right to use the licensor's name or marks in a way that states or implies that the licensor endorses the licensee or its product, while stating truthfully that a work is based on or uses the licensed work is a different act that this rule does not decide. A copyright licence grants rights in the work, and the right to use a name or a trademark is a separate right under trademark law and the protection of names, which a silent copyright licence does not pass on. Combining a licence that is silent about endorsement with one that permits it shows a conflict marked as coming from this rule."@en ; dct:date "2026-09-23"^^xsd:date ; dalicc:ruleStatus dalicc:Adopted . a dalicc:DefaultRule ; rdfs:label "The database right is not granted unless the licence grants it"@en ; dalicc:appliesTo dalicc:suiGenerisDatabaseRights ; dalicc:defaultOutcome dalicc:NotGrantedByDefault ; dalicc:inJurisdiction dalicc:EU ; dalicc:ruleBasis "Directive 96/9/EC article 7: a maker who has made a substantial investment in a database holds a right separate from copyright, so a licence that says nothing about it leaves it untouched. Articles 8(1) and 15: a lawful user of a database made available to the public may extract and reuse insubstantial parts of its contents, and a contractual provision to the contrary is null and void" ; dalicc:ruleExplanation "A licence that says nothing about the database right is read as not granting it: the licensee may not extract or reuse a substantial part of a database on the strength of that licence alone, although a lawful user of a database made available to the public may still extract and reuse insubstantial parts, and a contract term that forbids this is void (articles 8(1) and 15). The Database Directive gives the maker of a database a right of its own, separate from copyright, and a licence that deals only with copyright leaves it untouched. Combining a licence that is silent about it with one that grants it shows a conflict marked as coming from this rule."@en ; dct:date "2026-09-23"^^xsd:date ; dalicc:ruleStatus dalicc:Proposed . a dalicc:DefaultRule ; rdfs:label "The core of moral rights cannot be waived in Austria"@en ; dalicc:appliesTo dalicc:moralRightsRestriction ; dalicc:defaultOutcome dalicc:NotWaivable ; dalicc:inJurisdiction bpicounty:Austria ; dalicc:ruleBasis "Urheberrechtsgesetz section 19(2): a waiver of the right to claim authorship is void; section 20(1): the author decides whether and with which designation the work is named; section 21(3): a consent to unspecified changes does not stop the author from objecting to distortions that seriously harm his intellectual interests in the work" ; dalicc:ruleExplanation "This rule adds nothing to a licence that says nothing about moral rights; it reports a finding when a licence permits the licensee to set them aside, for example by waiving the author's right to claim authorship. Austrian copyright law makes a waiver of the right to claim authorship void (section 19(2)) and keeps the right to object to a distortion despite a general consent to changes (section 21(3)); an agreement about how or whether the author is named is valid. A person combining licences under this graph sees the finding beside a licence that claims such a waiver, and the licence text is left as it is."@en ; dct:date "2026-09-23"^^xsd:date ; dalicc:ruleStatus dalicc:Proposed . a dalicc:DefaultRule ; rdfs:label "Moral rights cannot be waived in France"@en ; dalicc:appliesTo dalicc:moralRightsRestriction ; dalicc:defaultOutcome dalicc:NotWaivable ; dalicc:inJurisdiction bpicounty:France ; dalicc:ruleBasis "Code de la propriété intellectuelle article L121-1: the moral right is perpetual, inalienable and imprescriptible, so a clause of the licence that gives it up is void" ; dalicc:ruleExplanation "This rule adds nothing to a licence that says nothing about moral rights; it reports a finding when a licence permits the licensee to set them aside. In France the moral right of the author is perpetual, inalienable and imprescriptible, so a clause of a licence that gives it up is void. A person combining licences under this graph sees the finding beside a licence that claims such a waiver."@en ; dct:date "2026-09-23"^^xsd:date ; dalicc:ruleStatus dalicc:Proposed . a dalicc:DefaultRule ; rdfs:label "Moral rights cannot be waived in Germany"@en ; dalicc:appliesTo dalicc:moralRightsRestriction ; dalicc:defaultOutcome dalicc:NotWaivable ; dalicc:inJurisdiction bpicounty:Germany ; dalicc:ruleBasis "Urheberrechtsgesetz sections 13 and 14, read with section 29(1): authorship and the integrity of the work are not transferable and a blanket waiver in a licence has no effect, although consent to a specific use does" ; dalicc:ruleExplanation "This rule adds nothing to a licence that says nothing about moral rights; it reports a finding when a licence permits the licensee to set them aside. Under German copyright law authorship and the integrity of the work cannot be transferred, and a general waiver in a licence has no effect, although the author may consent to a specific use. A person combining licences under this graph sees the finding beside a licence that claims such a waiver."@en ; dct:date "2026-09-23"^^xsd:date ; dalicc:ruleStatus dalicc:Proposed . a dalicc:DefaultRule ; rdfs:label "Decompiling for interoperability is allowed within the limits of article 6"@en ; dalicc:appliesTo dalicc:reverseEngineerForInteroperability ; dalicc:defaultOutcome dalicc:GrantedByDefault ; dalicc:inJurisdiction dalicc:EU ; dalicc:ruleBasis "Directive 2009/24/EC article 6(1): reproducing and translating the code is allowed where that is indispensable to obtain the information necessary to achieve the interoperability of an independently created program with other programs, provided the acts are done by a person having a right to use a copy, the information has not previously been readily available, and the acts are confined to the parts of the program needed" ; dalicc:ruleExplanation "A licence that says nothing about decompiling a program for interoperability is read as allowing it, within the limits the statute sets: the person must be entitled to use the program, the information must not already be readily available, and only the parts needed may be decompiled. The Software Directive permits reproducing and translating the code so far as that is indispensable to obtain the information needed to make an independently created program work with other programs. A licence that prohibits it is not read as removing the exception; the rule eu-interop-void reports the prohibition as a finding."@en ; dct:date "2026-09-23"^^xsd:date ; dalicc:ruleStatus dalicc:Proposed . a dalicc:DefaultRule ; rdfs:label "The interoperability exception cannot be contracted away"@en ; dalicc:appliesTo dalicc:reverseEngineerForInteroperability ; dalicc:defaultOutcome dalicc:NotWaivable ; dalicc:inJurisdiction dalicc:EU ; dalicc:ruleBasis "Directive 2009/24/EC article 8: any contractual provision contrary to article 6 is null and void" ; dalicc:ruleExplanation "This rule adds nothing to a licence that is silent about decompiling for interoperability; it reports a finding when a licence prohibits it. The Software Directive declares any contractual provision contrary to the interoperability exception null and void. A person combining licences under this graph sees the finding beside such a prohibition, and the licence text is left as it is."@en ; dct:date "2026-09-23"^^xsd:date ; dalicc:ruleStatus dalicc:Proposed . a dalicc:DefaultRule ; rdfs:label "A copy that was sold may be sold on"@en ; dalicc:appliesTo dalicc:sellCopy ; dalicc:defaultOutcome dalicc:GrantedByDefault ; dalicc:inJurisdiction dalicc:EU ; dalicc:ruleBasis "Directive 2001/29/EC article 4(2): the distribution right in a tangible copy is exhausted by its first sale in the Union with the rightholder's consent (Case C-263/18 Tom Kabinet: not for downloaded copies of works other than software). Directive 2009/24/EC article 4(2) and Case C-128/11 UsedSoft: a copy of a program downloaded against payment with a licence of unlimited duration may be resold" ; dalicc:ruleExplanation "A licence that says nothing about reselling a copy is read as allowing the owner of a tangible copy that was sold in the European Economic Area with the rightholder's consent to sell that copy on; for software the same holds for a downloaded copy sold with a licence of unlimited duration, provided the seller makes its own copy unusable. The rule does not cover downloaded copies of other works, which the Court of Justice excluded in Tom Kabinet. Combining a licence that is silent about it with one that prohibits it shows a conflict marked as coming from this rule."@en ; dct:date "2026-09-23"^^xsd:date ; dalicc:ruleStatus dalicc:Proposed . a dalicc:DefaultRule ; rdfs:label "Mining is allowed unless the licence forbids it"@en ; dalicc:appliesTo dalicc:textAndDataMining ; dalicc:defaultOutcome dalicc:GrantedByDefault ; dalicc:inJurisdiction dalicc:EU ; dalicc:ruleBasis "Directive (EU) 2019/790 articles 3 and 4, recital 18: research organisations and cultural heritage institutions may mine works they have lawful access to for the purposes of scientific research, and anybody may mine lawfully accessible works unless the rightholder has expressly reserved that use in an appropriate manner, which recital 18 says may be done by contractual agreements or a unilateral declaration. Both exceptions also cover extractions from a database protected by the sui generis right. A reservation made outside the licence, such as a machine-readable opt-out, is not modelled here" ; dalicc:ruleExplanation "A licence that says nothing about text and data mining is read as allowing it. Article 3 of the Digital Single Market Directive lets research organisations and cultural heritage institutions mine works they have lawful access to for the purposes of scientific research, and article 4 lets anybody with lawful access mine them unless the rightholder has expressly reserved that use, for example in the licence or, for content online, by machine-readable means. A licence that prohibits mining is therefore read as such a reservation for everybody except research organisations and cultural heritage institutions, for whom rule eu-tdm-research reports the prohibition as a finding."@en ; dct:date "2026-09-23"^^xsd:date ; dalicc:ruleStatus dalicc:Proposed . a dalicc:DefaultRule ; rdfs:label "The research mining exception cannot be contracted away"@en ; dalicc:appliesTo dalicc:textAndDataMining ; dalicc:defaultOutcome dalicc:NotWaivable ; dalicc:inJurisdiction dalicc:EU ; dalicc:ruleBasis "Directive (EU) 2019/790 article 7(1): a contractual provision contrary to the exception of article 3 is unenforceable, so a licence cannot forbid a research organisation or a cultural heritage institution with lawful access to mine a work for the purposes of scientific research" ; dalicc:ruleExplanation "This rule adds nothing to a licence that is silent about mining; it reports a finding when a licence prohibits text and data mining. The Digital Single Market Directive makes a contract term unenforceable in so far as it forbids a research organisation or a cultural heritage institution with lawful access to mine the work for the purposes of scientific research. The prohibition still binds everybody else, and it stays in the record as the text states it."@en ; dct:date "2026-09-23"^^xsd:date ; dalicc:ruleStatus dalicc:Proposed .