# DALICC dependency graph dg_us, version 2. # Built from the graph dg_default, version 2, and the difference file # licensedata/dependencygraph/differences/dg_us.ttl of the DALICC repository. # The file is complete: it holds every statement a check under this graph reads. @prefix rdf: . @prefix rdfs: . @prefix dct: . @prefix xsd: . @prefix odrl: . @prefix cc: . @prefix dalicc: . @prefix owl: . dct:title "United States default rules"@en ; dct:description """The DALICC deontic dependency graph with default rules for what a licence does not say, under the law of the United States: reverse engineering for interoperability and the first-sale doctrine. There is no general moral-rights rule and no mining rule, because the first reaches only works of visual art and the second is fair use decided case by case. The graph is complete: it holds the axioms and the adopted rule of the core graph beside its own rules, and it is built from the core graph and a difference file. Each rule names its legal basis and says in plain words what it does. The rules are proposals until the association's legal reviewer adopts them. Nothing in this graph is legal advice."""@en ; dct:coverage dalicc:US ; dct:date "2026-09-24"^^xsd:date ; dalicc:basedOnGraph ; dalicc:basedOnVersion "2" . cc:Attribution odrl:implies cc:Notice . cc:Attribution odrl:includedIn odrl:use . cc:Attribution owl:sameAs odrl:attribute . cc:CommercialUse owl:sameAs odrl:commercialize . cc:DerivativeWorks odrl:includedIn odrl:distribute . cc:Notice odrl:includedIn odrl:use . cc:Notice owl:sameAs odrl:AttachPolicy . cc:ShareAlike odrl:implies cc:SourceCode . cc:ShareAlike odrl:includedIn odrl:use . cc:ShareAlike owl:sameAs odrl:shareAlike . cc:SourceCode odrl:includedIn odrl:use . cc:SourceCode owl:sameAs odrl:attachSource . dalicc:chargeLicenseFee odrl:implies odrl:commercialize . dalicc:chargeLicenseFee odrl:implies odrl:sell . dalicc:chargeLicenseFee odrl:includedIn odrl:transfer . dalicc:modificationNotice odrl:includedIn odrl:AttachPolicy . dalicc:ModifiedWorks odrl:includedIn odrl:distribute . dalicc:sellCopy odrl:includedIn odrl:sell . dalicc:sublicense owl:sameAs odrl:grantUse . odrl:AttachPolicy owl:sameAs cc:Notice . odrl:attachSource owl:sameAs cc:SourceCode . odrl:attribute owl:sameAs cc:Attribution . odrl:commercialize owl:sameAs cc:CommercialUse . odrl:copy odrl:includedIn odrl:use . odrl:copy owl:sameAs odrl:reproduce . odrl:derive odrl:implies cc:DerivativeWorks . odrl:derive odrl:includedIn odrl:use . odrl:display odrl:includedIn odrl:present . odrl:display odrl:includedIn odrl:use . odrl:distribute odrl:includedIn odrl:use . odrl:ensureExclusivity dalicc:contradicts odrl:commercialize . odrl:ensureExclusivity odrl:includedIn odrl:use . odrl:execute odrl:includedIn odrl:use . odrl:extract odrl:implies cc:SourceCode . odrl:extract odrl:includedIn odrl:reproduce . odrl:extract odrl:includedIn odrl:use . odrl:grantUse owl:sameAs dalicc:sublicense . odrl:modify odrl:implies cc:SourceCode . odrl:modify odrl:includedIn odrl:use . odrl:present odrl:includedIn odrl:use . odrl:print odrl:includedIn odrl:present . odrl:print odrl:includedIn odrl:use . odrl:reproduce owl:sameAs odrl:copy . odrl:sell odrl:includedIn odrl:commercialize . odrl:sell odrl:includedIn odrl:transfer . odrl:shareAlike owl:sameAs cc:ShareAlike . # The default rules of this graph. a dalicc:DefaultRule ; rdfs:label "Endorsement is not granted by default"@en ; dalicc:appliesTo dalicc:promote ; dalicc:defaultOutcome dalicc:NotGrantedByDefault ; dalicc:inJurisdiction dalicc:worldwide ; dalicc:ruleBasis "Trademark and name rights are separate from copyright: Regulation (EU) 2017/1001 article 9 lets the proprietor of an EU trade mark prevent all third parties not having his consent from using the sign in the course of trade, and Directive (EU) 2015/2436 article 10, 15 U.S.C. 1114 and 1125(a), section 12 BGB and section 43 ABGB protect marks and names in the same way. The library's evidence is Creative Commons 4.0 section 2(b)(2): Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License. A copyright licence that is silent grants no right to use the licensor's name or marks to suggest endorsement" ; dalicc:ruleExplanation "A licence that says nothing about endorsement is read as not allowing it: the licence gives the licensee no right to use the licensor's name or marks in a way that states or implies that the licensor endorses the licensee or its product, while stating truthfully that a work is based on or uses the licensed work is a different act that this rule does not decide. A copyright licence grants rights in the work, and the right to use a name or a trademark is a separate right under trademark law and the protection of names, which a silent copyright licence does not pass on. Combining a licence that is silent about endorsement with one that permits it shows a conflict marked as coming from this rule."@en ; dct:date "2026-09-23"^^xsd:date ; dalicc:ruleStatus dalicc:Adopted . a dalicc:DefaultRule ; rdfs:label "Reverse engineering for interoperability is allowed unless the licence forbids it"@en ; dalicc:appliesTo dalicc:reverseEngineerForInteroperability ; dalicc:defaultOutcome dalicc:GrantedByDefault ; dalicc:inJurisdiction dalicc:US ; dalicc:ruleBasis "17 U.S.C. 1201(f), and Sega v. Accolade 977 F.2d 1510 (9th Cir. 1992) and Sony Computer Entertainment v. Connectix 203 F.3d 596 (9th Cir. 2000), under which intermediate copying to reach the unprotected elements needed for interoperability is fair use. Bowers v. Baystate Technologies 320 F.3d 1317 (Fed. Cir. 2003) enforced a contract term against reverse engineering, so the rule is not marked unwaivable" ; dalicc:ruleExplanation "A licence that says nothing about reverse engineering for interoperability is read as allowing it. United States law exempts reverse engineering for interoperability from the anti-circumvention rules, and the Ninth Circuit has held the intermediate copying it needs to be fair use (Sega v Accolade; Sony v Connectix); other courts have enforced a contract term against reverse engineering (Bowers v Baystate), so no finding is reported when a licence forbids it. Combining a licence that is silent about it with one that prohibits it shows a conflict marked as coming from this rule."@en ; dct:date "2026-09-23"^^xsd:date ; dalicc:ruleStatus dalicc:Proposed . a dalicc:DefaultRule ; rdfs:label "A copy that was sold may be sold on"@en ; dalicc:appliesTo dalicc:sellCopy ; dalicc:defaultOutcome dalicc:GrantedByDefault ; dalicc:inJurisdiction dalicc:US ; dalicc:ruleBasis "17 U.S.C. 109(a): the owner of a lawfully made copy may sell or otherwise dispose of that copy without the authority of the copyright owner. Vernor v. Autodesk 621 F.3d 1102 (9th Cir. 2010): a person who receives a copy under a licence that reserves title and restricts transfer is a licensee, not an owner. Capitol Records v. ReDigi 910 F.3d 649 (2d Cir. 2018): the doctrine does not cover the resale of a digital file that requires a new copy to be made" ; dalicc:ruleExplanation "A licence that says nothing about reselling a copy is read as allowing the owner of a lawfully made copy to sell that copy on. The first-sale doctrine of section 109(a) of the Copyright Act protects the owner of a copy, not a licensee: where a licence reserves title and restricts transfer, courts may find no sale took place (Vernor v Autodesk), and it does not cover resale of a digital file that requires a new copy to be made (Capitol Records v ReDigi). Combining a licence that is silent about it with one that prohibits it shows a conflict marked as coming from this rule."@en ; dct:date "2026-09-23"^^xsd:date ; dalicc:ruleStatus dalicc:Proposed .